Character Testing Functions
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isalnum alphanumeric ( isalpha || isdigit)
isalpha alphabetic
iscntrl control (beware!)
isdigit '0' through '9'
isgraph visible when printed
islower lower case alphabetic
isprint isgraph || ' '
ispunct isgraph && !isalnum
isspace whitespace
isupper upper case alphabetic
isxdigit isdigit || 'a' thru 'f' || 'A' thru 'F'
Character Mapping Functions
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tolower convert to lower case (if applicable)
toupper convert to upper case (if applicable)