Table 2 Interest rate functions and formulas for discrete compounding

Function         Description            Symbol   Formula
Name
----------------------------------------------------------
p_to_f  present value to future value     F/P     (1 + i)n
                                                  --------
                                                     1

f_to_p  future value to present value     P/F        1
                                                  --------
                                                  (1 + i)n

f_to_a  future value to annuity           A/F        i
                                                 ----------
                                                 (1 + i)n-1

p_to_a  present value to annuity          A/P     i(1 + i)n
                                                ------------
                                                (1 + i)n - 1

a_to_f  annuity to future value           F/A   (1 + i)n - 1
                                                ------------
                                                     i

a_to_p  annuity to present value          P/A   (1 + i)n - 1
                                                ------------
                                                  i(1 + i)n